Naloxone, a medication that can reverse opioid overdoses and save the lives of people who use drugs, doesn't work on xylazine, a veterinary tranquilizer that White House officials have labeled an 'emerging threat' in the illicit drug supply.
Amy Werremeyer, the chair of the department of pharmacy practice at North Dakota State University, told CBS News that expecting naloxone to work on xylazine is akin to putting a star-shaped peg in a round hole.
"Naloxone gets to sit there instead of opioid sitting there, and so that's how it reverses the negative effects of an opioid," Werremeyer explained."It makes it so that literally the opioid can't get to where it's trying to reach. Xylazine is trying to reach a completely different landing spot in the brain where naloxone doesn't have any affinity.
Because xylazine is so commonly used with opioids, experts said it's still good to give naloxone — which will soon be available for, and is currently available in most pharmacies or from public health agencies — to someone who appears to be experiencing an overdose.
"That's kind of a frustrating feature of xylazine working in this particular domain of the body. ... It clicks similar receptors to adrenaline," Zagorski said."It becomes really easy, unfortunately, to swing too wide in the other direction and get to a point where your blood pressure is really, really high, and that can be very dangerous. This is a hairier question than it was for fentanyl and other opioids.
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