More often than not, sanctions fail to sufficiently or efficiently squeeze regimes, wrightr writes.
that banned world trade with Baghdad. Saddam refused to withdraw. Six months later, a U.S.-led military assault expelled Iraqi forces, but the Iraqi leader refused to comply with the terms of the ceasefire. Sanctions dragged on. The toll was horrific. By 1997, a third of Iraqi children were malnourished, according tothat the economy of Iraq—which once had one of the highest standards of living in the oil-rich Middle East—was “in tatters.
Sanctions and embargoes on North Korea, first imposed after the Korean War in the nineteen-fifties, have been a total failure. Over three generations, the Kim dynasty has only become more belligerent, better armed, and more obstinate. In 2000, Secretary of State Madeleine Albright went to Pyongyang to—some sanctions relief and humanitarian aid in exchange for limits on its ambitious ballistic-missile program.
The Biden Administration said that the new sanctions on Russia were based on the “Iran model.” But four decades of embargoes and sanctions on Tehran have repeatedly failed to change the regime’s calculus. The U.S.after fifty-two American diplomats were taken hostage in Tehran, in 1979; it took fourteen months to free them. More sanctions were imposed in the mid-nineteen-eighties for state sponsorship of terrorism.
Sanctions, however, are also subject to the whims of domestic politics. Three years into the 2015 Iran nuclear deal, Donald Trumpit and imposed more than a thousand new sanctions on Tehran. His goal was to get Iran to negotiate a broader deal. He failed abysmally. In retaliation, Iran breached limits on its nuclear program.
Sanctions rarely change a regime’s ideology or behavior. Russia will, no doubt, face severe economic pain for its invasion of Ukraine. Putin “grossly underestimated” the political will of the West to enact such a complex set of sanctions, including on Putin, Steil told me. In a joint statement on Friday, the G-7 warned that it will continue to impose “severe” sanctions. The group of the world’s most powerful economies demanded that Russia end its invasion.
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