The definition of personhood is a key and contested philosophical issue that has made legalized abortion such a longstanding controversy.
, since I study philosophical problems that lie just beneath the surface of contemporary controversies like abortion.One underlying ethical concern is, “What is a person?” How people answer this question shapes how they think about a developing human being. When philosophers talk about “personhood,” they are referring to something or someone having —often described as having a right to life, an inherent dignity, or mattering for one’s own sake.
If the Supreme Court strikes down Roe v. Wade, this will raise more ethical questions—about fairness, for example, considering, that people living in poverty and members of minority groups would be among those most affected, and that a majority of Americans support abortion rights. To be a person means having strong moral claims against others. For instance, persons have a claim to be treated fairly and a claim not to be interfered with. A healthy adult human being is often considered the clearest example of a person. Yet, most philosophers
, pointing out that no one disputes the fetus’s species, but many disagree about the fetus’s personhood. based on people’s access to intensive medical care. It also changes as medicine and technology advance. identify the presence of a “fetal heartbeat” as morally significant and use this as a basis for personhood. However, many living things have beating hearts, and they are not all considered persons.
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