El Niño is a climate pattern that originates in the Pacific Ocean along the equator and impacts weather all over the world
Warm water normally is confined to the western Pacific by winds that blow from east to west, pushing it toward Indonesia and Australia. But during an El Niño, the winds slow down and can even reverse direction, allowing the warmer water to spread eastward all the way to South America. Scientists are still searching for an answer as to why this happens, but the slowing of these winds can last for weeks or months.
A strong El Niño also influences cyclone seasons around the planet. The warmer the Pacific is, the more hurricanes or typhoons it gets – while fewer hurricanes form in Atlantic Ocean because increased upper-level winds prevent them from developing. This happened during the 2015 hurricane season, with the Pacific breaking records while the Atlantic seeing a relatively quiet year. It can affect US rainfall – and Pacific fish Like snowflakes, no two El Niños are exactly alike.
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