These 4 components work together to create that feeling of nostalgia
With the self being “the central and defining character of nostalgia,” self-reflection is obviously an integral part of the nostalgic experience. We are, after all, the leading actors in the memories that we classify as nostalgic, so some reflection on the type of role we play in those memories is necessary for determining how important or meaningful those past experiences are to the present circumstances in which we remember them.
The self-reflection processing involved in linking our past with our present in a way that generates nostalgia “requires integrating stimuli in the context of personal thoughts, goals, and traits.” Two brain regions previously identified as being crucial to self-reflection processing are the medial prefrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex .
Ambivalent emotions “entail neural mechanisms both of simultaneously positive and negative states and a rapid vacillation between positive and negative states.” As such an ambivalent emotion, nostalgia regulates negative states and soothes emotional conflict. Brain regions that have been identified as playing a role in emotion regulation include the mPFC and the anterior cingulate cortex .
, along with more contemporary pictures, and were asked to rate the memory and emotion they experienced in response to the pictures. The pictures rated as nostalgic elicited stronger activity in the hippocampus, which is involved with autobiographical memory, and the ventral striatum, which is part of the brain’s reward system.
Of particular note in the literature review was the prevalence of the medial prefrontal cortex in the nostalgia studies. Given its role in processing self-relevant information, autobiographical memory, and self-conscious emotion, the writers speculate that “the mPFC may serve as a hub that links self-reflection processing with autobiographical memories and emotions and plays an integrative role in the experience of nostalgia.
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