IQ tests are one of the most prominent tools in the modern psychologist's toolbox. They also have numerous methodological flaws.
IQ, short for intelligence quotient, is one of the most widely cited and versatile tools in psychology, spanning thousands of studies across more than a century of research. Aiming to measure the innate intelligence of the human population, IQ tests work by aggregating the scores from several distinct tasks into a singular number representing the person’s cognitive ability. The tests also have numerous methodological flaws that we’re only just beginning to understand.
On the other hand, one of the things IQ is most famous for is the shape of its score distribution. When the scores of a group of test-takers are put on a graph, they generally follow a bell-shaped curve — what’s known as the. It’s commonly said that IQ naturally falls this way, thus spelling proof that it’s a legitimate construct. However, it’s actually artificially constructed to have an average of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.
In fact, the link between job performance and IQ is extremely fragile — quite a bit of the research this link rests upon is decades old and composed of a wide variety of tests that aren’t easily comparable. The job performance measures that many such studies rely upon are themselves very flawed, adds Richardson, lacking standard reliability and validity to determine that an objective criterion of job performance is being measured.
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