Evidence from the Hikurangi subduction zone in New Zealand now suggests “slow slip” earthquakes often depend on seamounts, the underwater volcanoes that stud the sea floor in large numbers.
at a subduction zone, a seam where a tectonic plate of ocean crust dives under a continent. Subduction zones were previously thought to behave in one of two ways: either creeping along steadily and smoothly, without any tremors at all, or sticking for decades or centuries and then rupturing catastrophically in the world’s largest earthquakes.
Slow slip events are not simply an academic curiosity, adds Laura Wallace, a UT Austin geodesist. “Understanding where slow slip is happening versus where faults are locked up is important for seismic hazard assessments,” she says. And more mysteriously, two recent subduction zone earthquakes, including the giant 2011 Tohoku quake in Japan, were preceded by slow slip events—and perhaps triggered by them. But the relationships are murky.
The 3D images revealed a 2-kilometer-tall seamount wedged in the subduction zone, 4.5 kilometers below the sea floor. “We caught it in the act of subducting,” Bangs says. “We can see the structures it’s creating and how it’s being accommodated.” Notable was not only the seamount itself, but also the shadow it cast.
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