The gender pay gap in the U.S. remained relatively stable last year, with women earning an average of 82% of what men earned, according to the latest analysis of median hourly earnings for both full-and part-time workers conducted by the Pew Research Center.
... [+]The gender pay gap in the U.S. remained relatively stable last year, with women earning an average of 82% of what men earned, according to theof median hourly earnings for both full- and part-time workers conducted by the Pew Research Center.
In a report accompanying the finding published on Wednesday, economists at Pew noted that the gap in 2022 was little changed from the previous year but also from two decades ago, when women’s income was about 80% of men’s. In the 20-year period before that—from 1982 until 2002—the gap had narrowed significantly, by about 15 percentage points from 65%, spurred by cultural, social and legislative changes.
“There is no single explanation for why progress toward narrowing the pay gap has all but stalled in the 21st century,” noted Rakesh Kochhar, a senior researcher at Pew Research Center. “Women generally begin their careers closer to wage parity with men, but they lose ground as they age and progress through their work lives, a pattern that has remained consistent over time,” he added. “The pay gap persists even though women today are more likely than men to have graduated from college.
The Pew data showed parenthood to be one of the dominant factors underpinning the enduring gender pay gap. Mothers aged between 25 and 44 are less likely to be in the labor force than women of the same age who do not have children at home, Pew found, and those women also tend to work fewer hours each week when they are employed.
“This can reduce the earnings of some mothers, although evidence suggests the effect is either modest overall or short-lived for many,” Kochhar explained. Interestingly, however, he pointed out that fathers, by contrast, are more likely to be in the labor force – and to work more hours each week – than men without children at home.
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