A complex dance among microbial players—not just pollution—helps drive growths of lake-fouling algal blooms.
Every summer, surges of toxic green muck plague lakes worldwide, sickening hikers who fail to purify drinking water, closing favorite swimming holes, and killing fish. The most feared—and studied—cause of these freshwater “algal” blooms is a genus of cyanobacterium called. Its explosive summer growth is thought to be spurred by rising levels of phosphorus, nitrogen, and other nutrients, perhaps from fertilizer run off or other pollution sources.
In some lakes, reducing fertilizer runoff at first seemed to thwart blooms—then they came back. Similar plans for bloom-choked Lake Erie might backfire, a team of academic microbiologists and water quality experts funded by the National Science Foundation and other U.S. agencies reported in May. A 2014 bloom there caused such severe shortages of drinking water in the nearby city of Toledo, Ohio, that Canada and the United States have agreed to cut phosphorus going into the lake by 40%.
The analysis uncovered 30 kinds of cyanobacteria never before detected in the lake, and in some cases new to science, including 13 that could potentially cause blooms, she reported last month at Microbe 2022, the annual meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. “I was surprised at the diversity,” Krausfeldt says.
Sheik, who says he had not considered phages as a factor in blooms but now wants to explore such viral dynamics, embraces Krausfeldt’s ecosystem mindset. “By taking a holistic approach, we can better understand how supporting organisms can help sustain blooms,” he says.
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