Find out when you might need another booster shot.
, PhD, an immunologist at the University of Toronto, told NPR that is is"perfectly normal and expected" that with any vaccine—even the booster—antibody levels rise quickly right after the shot and then diminish over time, which affects protection against infection in particular.
"The vaccine's efficacy against infection relies on our level of antibodies because they are really our first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2," she explained."So in terms of protection against infection, we will see some protection early on with a booster, but that protection is going to wane." At the same time, vaccine protection against severe disease does not depend as heavily on antibodies, according to Gommerman."So with declining antibody levels, you might be vulnerable to an infection but not necessarily vulnerable to disease—that's a different kettle of fish," she said.
This falls in line with what the U.K. researchers found in their study. According to their analysis, protection against hospitalization is higher than 95 percent two weeks after a third shot of Pfizer and even after four months, it remains at an effectiveness of around 80 percent. In the wake of Omicron, that's a particularly stark difference compared to just two shots of the vaccine, where protection against severe disease declines to around 40 percent after six months.
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