The Formation of the Southern Ring Nebula was Messier Than the Death of a Single Star - by BrianKoberlein
Two thousand five hundred years ago, during the height of the bronze age, an old red star died. Its outer layers expanded over time, becoming what is now known as the Southern Ring Nebula, or less romantically, NGC 3132. By the looks of it, this planetary nebula looks like many others. As Sun-like stars die, they swell to become red giants before becoming a white dwarf, and their outer layers typically become a planetary nebula.
The new study is based on data from the James Webb Space Telescope as well as other observatories and reveals details never seen in a planetary nebula. The central star of the nebula is now a white dwarf about half the size of the Sun, and this new study finds it isn’t alone. Within the layers of gas and dust ejected by this star, there are swirls as if the nebula was mixed by a companion star.
Closer to the white dwarf there is a dusty disk of material, typically caused by a close companion. The team can’t see this star directly. It is likely hidden within the disk, shaping the nebula’s interior. Combined with a more distant bright companion that was discovered before this study, This nebula is likely a 4-star system.
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