A growing catalog of huge but dim “ultra-diffuse” galaxies is forcing astronomers to invent new theories of galactic evolution.
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Their existence has caused a stir in galactic evolutionary theory, which failed to predict them. “They didn’t turn up in simulations,” van Dokkum said. “You have to do something special to make a galaxy that big and faint.” There’s just one problem. As galaxies rotate, they should come apart. They don’t appear to have enough mass—and thus gravity—to stick together. The concept of dark matter was invented to provide the missing gravity. In this picture, a galaxy sits inside a larger conglomeration of nonluminous particles. This dark matter “halo” holds the spinning galaxy together.
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