➡️ CME: Did you know that bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome affects up to 50% of patients receiving lung transplants within 5 years of transplantation? MedEd MedTwitter RareDisease RareDiseaseDay 🖥️
In lung transplantation recipients, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is one of the phenotypes of chronic lung allograft dysfunction and remains the major limitation of long-term survival. BOS affects up to 50% of lung transplant patients within 5 years post-transplantation. To date, there is no cure, so management of BOS is carried out on a case-by-case basis and relies on a thorough understanding of its pathology.
BOS after lung transplantation is a syndrome characterized by fibrosis and obliteration of the airway, with a resulting decline in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s . BOS occurs in most patients within 5 years post-transplantation. The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation defines BOS as a persistent decline in pulmonary function. That means a decrease of ≥ 20% from the reference value in FEVlasting for at least 3 months, after excluding other potential causes.
BOS presents clinically as an obstructive dysfunction which affects the small airways; however, the peripheral lung tissue is less impacted . Patients are therefore showing stable or increasing total lung capacity and declining FEVComputed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining can also support diagnosis of BOS.
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