A new study reveals that the brains of humans and non-human primates may be remarkably similar, despite the very distinct physical differences between them. And yet, the smallest changes may make big differences in developmental and psychiatric disorders. Understanding the molecular differences t
A new study investigated the differences and similarities of cells in the prefrontal cortex — the frontmost region of the brain, an area that plays a central role in higher cognitive functions — between humans and non-human primates such as chimpanzees, Rhesus macaques, and marmosets.
The cellular differences between these species may illuminate steps in their evolution and how those differences can be implicated in disorders, such as autism and intellectual disabilities, seen in humans.
“Most of the cells are actually very similar because these species are relatively close evolutionarily,” Sousa says.Sousa and his collaborators found five cell types in the prefrontal cortex that were not present in all four of the species. They also found differences in the abundances of certain cell types as well as diversity among similar cell populations across species.
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