“When the two samples lifted, there was this gasp between all four of us.” (From 2021)
last year reporting a hollow aluminum-based sheet that could hover over an air cushion. But this new study comes with higher hopes—designing a flight system so stable that researchers could simply let these devices loose in the mesosphere.Azadi began with the basics, diagraming levitator designs and charting which physical forces might cause light to propel a surface. He ran thought experiments as simple as imagining throwing spheres against a wall.
After an ambient gas molecule from the air collides with a warm object, it picks up a small amount of energy and bounces off faster than it arrived. But not every surface transfers that energy to gases equally. Some, like a smooth sheet of Mylar, spring gas molecules away with only a little boost. Other surfaces, like a tangled mess of carbon nanotubes, can trap and heat gas molecules so much that they fire away a lot faster.
By surrounding one central LED with a ring of more intense LEDs set beneath the vacuum chamber, they were also able to demonstrate stable levitation. This setup keeps the levitating plate confined to an optical trap—if the plate begins tilting and zooming away, the light boundary forces it back to the center. Levitating without this balancing force is like balancing a pea on the underside of a spoon.
In their vacuum chamber test, they found that when cranking the light intensity up past the power of sunlight, that extra rush of energy carried the flyer higher. But after about 30 seconds, the disk began curling up from photophoretic force, eventually collapsing. Ultrathin Mylar is very flimsy on its own, says Bargatin. The shag of carbon nanotubes makes the Mylar disk more rigid, but the force of high-speed molecular collisions eventually buckles the flyer.
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