Pulse oximeters are a critical healthcare tool that in a time of need can mean the difference between life and death for someone who is sick. health
, when Hewlett Packard developed its pulse oximeter in the 1970s, said the company was aware of issues regarding accurate readings for non-white individuals and “put a lot of effort into trying to solve it, making these devices more equitable.”
However, over time, issues around equity and accuracy of pulse oximeters remained. According to Gottlieb, pulse oximeters “are very, very important and I wouldn’t say that they should be removed from practice, but the question of equity until the last couple of years sort of fell off the radar screen and then there was a renewed interest and then of course even more interest with COVID both in terms of their accuracy and how they should be used.
This assessment is shared by author Amy Moran-Thomas, an associate professor of anthropology at MIT. Studies over the intervening decades continue to show issues with oximeters and skin tone, but the COVID pandemic brought the issue back into sharp focus. Gottlieb said that when a patient’s pulse oximeter readings are higher, “we assume [patients are] oxygenating a little bit better so our treatment of oxygenation will probably be less intensive.” This, according to Gottlieb, can lead to “disparities in treatment.”
As for solutions and next steps, there is research currently being conducted to improve readings for people with darker skin tones.
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