The most astonishing and heartening coral rebirth the world has ever seen came to light recently. The story of how it happened goes back to April 2009
was available. He and his team had been part of our 2009 expedition and had returned to the Line Islands in 2013. They were ideally placed to repeat the coral surveys, one year after the warming event.
A parrotfish scrapes off and eats turf algae from coral skeletons at Millennium Atoll. This promotes the growth of pink, rock-hard crustose coralline algae—the best surface for coral larvae to settle on and rebuild the reef.after waiting through two years of thereached Flint, the first of three islands we would visit. The old gang was back, 12 years older but with the same enthusiasm. On deck, we watched the breakers along the green island, our eyes glimmering with curiosity.
In three weeks of diving around the three southernmost Line Islands—Flint, Vostok, and Millennium Atoll—we measured spectacular coral recovery everywhere. The reefs were back with exuberance, but they were changed. Here and there,that had died in 2015-16 were recovering slowly, sometimes on top of their dead, like trees sprouting from stumps in a coppiced forest. But most of the space left by the dead corals had been filled by other species.
At Millennium Atoll—“atoll” meaning that it has a central lagoon—the biomass of fish and the abundance of sharks were even larger. The dead corals had been overgrown by several species, notably branchingPlease be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.: At Flint Island in 2017, mounds of dead cauliflower corals that had been bleached by warming during the 2015-16 El Niño were covered by crustose coralline algae.: The same reef is seen in a photograph made in October 2021.
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