Genomic surveillance has revealed mutations in malaria-causing parasites that will complicate efforts to eradicate the disease in Africa.
Scientists have detected new strains of malaria-causing parasites in Ethiopia that are both resistant to current treatments and escape detection by common diagnostic tests -- a development that could increase cases and deaths from malaria and make eliminating the persistent disease an even greater challenge.
The standard method to diagnose malaria in Africa is through rapid diagnostic tests that detect specific parasite proteins in the blood that are highly expressed. The tests can confirm malaria even if the patient is asymptomatic. The parasites lacking the genes for these proteins have evolved to be invisible to the tests.
In Ethiopia, the overall incidence of malaria is low, but the disease remains endemic in 75% of the country, with 65% of the population at risk. More than 5 million episodes of malaria occur each year. The Ethiopian government set a goal for malaria elimination by 2030, and prompt diagnosis and treatment with effective drugs is a cornerstone of the malaria elimination program.
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