Long-lived fungi are the latest organisms to go under the microscope in search of new understandings as to why they don't accrue life-limiting mutations, given their age.
to another, forcing other mycelia to pay the cost in spore formation. Given enough time, mutated mycelia will dominate the fungus, reducing its ability to make spores at all.mold in 2016, the mutated nuclei were dubbed 'cheaters' for the way mutated mycelia can't begin asexual fusion with their own filaments to form spores, but can piggyback off other fully functioning mycelia they may encounter.
This biological tension between individual cells and whole organisms echoes cancer in other organisms, where mutant cells hellbent on replicating grow so fast they harm the animal in which they arose, sometimes fatally. "Because these [fungal] mutations are selected within the mycelium, but reduce the fitness of the mycelium as a whole, you can think of them as a kind of 'nucleus cancers',"Aanen and colleagues compared fast-growing molds and long-lived mushroom mycelia that can. They suggest the latter use a special type of cell division called a 'clamp connection' to screen against selfish mutants, enabling them to live long lives without amassing too many genetic faults.
In this form of cell division, one of the filament's haploid nuclei is interned in a holding bay until the cell can check its quality – and that filament fusion is possible. "Both nuclei [are] continuously testing each other for the ability to fuse, a test that nuclei with mutations in fusion genes fail,"In humans and
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