Gaia spacecraft: Mapping the Milky Way like never before
In addition to the two telescopes, Gaia also carries blue and red photometers that measure the brightness and color of the observed stars. From these measurements, scientists can derive temperatures, masses, ages and compositions of stars.
"Each star gets measured on average 75 times every five years," Stefan Jordan, one of the researchers of the DPAC team based at the Centre for Astronomy of the University of Heidelberg in Germany, told Trajectories of stars in the Milky Way galaxy over the next 400,000 years based on measurements by the European Gaia mission.Before Gaia's launch, progress in the charting of the Milky Way was slow and painstaking.
To put things into perspective, in the early 1990s astronomers knew the accurate positions of only about 8,000 stars, according to ESA. Advancing telescope technology enabled them to gradually increase the size of the stellar catalogs and improve their accuracy, but the effects of the atmosphere restricted their possibilities. Things only started properly moving forward after the launch of Gaia’s predecessor, ESA's Hipparcos mission, in the early 1990s.
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