From YaleE360: In under a century, most of the world has come to depend on a small number of commodities for sustenance.
In under a century, most of the world has become dependent on a small number of crops for its sustenance. Since the dawn of agriculture humans have domesticated about 6,000 plant species for food, but now just nine provide the bulk of our calories, and four of these—wheat, corn, rice, and soy—supply roughly two-thirds of that intake. The bottleneck doesn’t end there.
In India, farmers are looking once again to landrace, or native, varieties of millet. Millet is a nutrient-packed and diverse cereal that sustained generations of people in India. But British colonizers, unaware of millet’s unique nutritional qualities and resilience, replaced it with varieties of bread wheat and cash crops such as indigo. Those millets that survived were mostly relegated to animal feed.
“Despite its many achievements, the Green Revolution locked us into an unsustainable system,” says lead researcher and food systems expert Kyle Davis of the University of Delaware, “and without crop diversity, we won’t break out [of it].” This makes endangered varieties of millet—such as Raishan—look like a food of the future, not one to be lost to the past.In 2017, an international team of crop scientists modeled the impact of rising temperatures on yields of major crops.
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