A 65-year old perplexing question may have finally been answered: Why is the Sun's atmosphere hotter than its surface?
However, investigating this theory posed a significant challenge. To unravel the mysteries of the Sun, scientists needed both remote sensing and in-situ measurements, but gathering all the necessary data with a single spacecraft was impossible.
The missing piece of the puzzle was aligning Parker Solar Probe with Solar Orbiter to capture large-scale consequences of in-situ measurements. Although it was first unclear if the spacecraft operations team would authorize this maneuver, with spacecraft designed to point only in specific directions in the excruciating heat of the sun, the approval soon came through once the nature of the potential scientific payoff became apparent.
The presence of magnetized fluid in the solar corona allows stored magnetic energy to contribute to this process, culminating in the heating of individual particles, primarily protons.
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