A drilling operation in South Africa’s Barberton Makhonjwa Mountains extracted 3.2-billion-year-old cores that hold some of Earth’s earliest terrestrial life.
, says Patricia Sanchez-Baracaldo, a paleobiologist at the University of Bristol who is unaffiliated with BASE. “The genomic record is independent and consistent with the idea that those were early ancestors of cyanobacteria.”
The cores could contain other scientific treasures. In 2010, Emmanuelle Javaux, an astrobiologist at the University of Liège,up to 300 micrometers in diameter, hundreds of times the size of a typical bacterium, in mudstones extracted from a gold mine in the Moodies Group. Some thought the jumbo microbes were the world’s oldest eukaryotes—organisms with complex cells like our own—by 1 billion years, but confirmation proved elusive.
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