Researchers use X-ray telescopes and a new data analysis technique to describe space objects. Black holes with varying light signatures that were once thought to be the same objects being viewed from different angles are actually in different stages of the life cycle, according to a study led by Da
,” or AGNs, says that it definitively shows the need to revise the widely used “unified model of AGN” that characterizes supermassive black holes as all having the same properties.
Supermassive black holes are believed to reside at the center of nearly all large galaxies, including our own, the. The gravitationally powerful objects devour galactic gas, dust, and stars, and they can become heavier than small galaxies. The new study focuses on how quickly black holes are feeding on space matter, or their accretion rates. The research found that the accretion rate does not depend upon the mass of a black hole, it varies significantly depending on how obscured it is by the gas and dust ring.
The result shows that the amount of dust and gas surrounding an AGN is directly related to how much it is feeding, confirming that there are differences beyond orientation between different populations of AGNs. When a black hole is accreting at a high rate, the energy blows away dust and gas. As a result, it is more likely to be unobscured and appear brighter. Conversely, a less active AGN is surrounded by a denser torus and appears fainter.
The research is the result of an international scientific collaboration—the BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey —that has been working over a decade to collect and analyze optical/infrared spectroscopy for AGN observed by Swift BAT. According to the paper, by knowing a black hole’s mass and how fast it is feeding, researchers can determine when most supermassive black holes underwent most of their growth, thus providing valuable information about the evolution of black holes and the universe.
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