An open-access history: the world according to Robert-Jan Smits
Credit: Luigi Mistrulli/Sipa/ShutterstockIn 2018, a group of influential research funders struck a blow in the decades-long fight to end paywalls in science. Peer-reviewed papers from research they supported must be made open access immediately on publication, they declared: free to read, download and redistribute.
This radical pledge, called Plan S, began to take effect last year. It is now supported by around two dozen funders, most in Europe. Big names include the European Commission, national funders in France and the United Kingdom, the London-based charity Wellcome, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in Seattle, Washington, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Chevy Chase, Maryland. This has nudged many subscription journals into offering open-access publishing routes.
Few disagree with the compelling case, laid out in the book’s first section, that it will benefit science and society if anyone can access peer-reviewed scholarly work for free. Scientists’ career incentives, however, are tied not to open publishing, but to getting their work into the most prestigious journals possible.
It’s clear that a major problem is money. Journals often generate revenues for OA publishing through per-paper author fees called article processing charges , deterring scientists whose funders or universities won’t or can’t cover the costs. There are plenty of low or no-cost OA platforms, usually subsidized by governments or funders. But high-prestige, selective journals are generally expensive (
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