Google was the first company to demonstrate that a quantum computer can outperform an ordinary machine, but now a firm called Xanadu has put their similarly advanced device online for anyone to use
Borealis is an advance on Jiuzhang because it is a more powerful system, capable of calculating with a larger number of photons, and has a simplified architecture, saysat Imperial College London. “We all thought that the Chinese experiment was a tour de force, but we couldn’t see that it was going to go any further because there was a limit to how much stuff you could cram onto your optical table,” he says.
Compared with Borealis, Jiuzhang uses a larger number of beam splitters to send entangled photons in lots of different directions. But Borealis takes a different approach, using loops of optical fibre to delay the passage of some photons relative to others – separating them in time, rather than space.
An added benefit of the stripped-back design is that this computer is more easily controllable, so it can also be reprogrammed remotely for people to run it with their own settings. “Borealis is the first machine capable of quantum computational advantage made publicly available to anyone with an internet connection,” says Lavoie.
People will probably begin by testing variations of boson sampling, says Knight, but, later on, it may be possible to apply Borealis to different problems. So far, no one has been able to demonstrate quantum advantage for a “useful” computational task – the random-sampling problem first tackled by GoogleWhile Borealis is an impressive jump forward in scale over Jiuzhang, it falls short of being a fully programmable quantum computer like Sycamore or Zuchongzhi, saysat the University of Oxford.
Lavoie and his colleagues are now working to turn a blueprint they released last year into a scalable, fault-tolerant photonic processor built on an integrated chip, which would improve the quantum machine’s capabilities even further.
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