New research uncovers Neanderthals' advanced cognitive abilities through the complex technique of birch tar production, challenging traditional views on human intelligence and cultural development.
Scientists have discovered evidence of the advanced cognitive abilities of Neanderthals, proving that they were not just primitive beings. A study conducted recently by researchers at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen in Germany sheds light on the complex technique Neanderthals used to create birch tar, a sticky glue that they used to connect stone to bone and wood in tools and weapons.
The researchers conducted an experimental archaeology to test the method used by Neanderthals. They recreated five techniques for extracting birch tar, two above-ground and three below-ground. They could compare these results with the ancient birch tar artifacts by analyzing the extracted tar using different scientific methods such as infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and micro-computed tomography.
This experiment's results indicate a clear marking on the tar that distinguished between above-ground and below-ground approaches, depending on oxygen availability during extraction. Due to the interplay of soil minerals and the absence ofin above-ground methods, the ancient artifacts matched the below-ground manufacturing process.
Based on its complexity, it is likely that the Neanderthal birch tar production method was not created on the spot but rather evolved through experimentation. According to the study's authors, this discovery calls into question the view that human intelligence is an exceptional trait and shows the cumulative cultural capabilities of Neanderthals.According to the growing archaeological evidence, Neanderthals were more advanced than previously believed.
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