A simple question of geography for the source of the Nile River has captivated explorers and rulers throughout history — and lives on to this day.
The Blue Nile, which flows from Lake Tana, actually provides more than 80 percent of the water and sediment that runs through the Nile when the two main parts meet in Khartoum. But the White Nile is longer, and its source was always less understood as it flowed from deeper inland.Heroes in Their Day
Burton’s first attempt to find the source of the White Nile was joined by John Hanning Speke, a naturalist, explorer and officer in the British Indian Army. In 1855, they set out with the support of the Royal Geographic Society and hired African bearers, guides, cooks and translators. They barely made it off the coast near Berbera in Somaliland when they were attacked by locals — Speke was briefly captured and wounded before escaping, while Burton got speared through both cheeks.
They discovered that Tanganyika couldn’t be the source as they found a large river flowing into it. Speke recovered his vision, but Burton was then too sick to carry on. Speke continued the journey toward Lake Victoria, but without Burton. Once he made it, Speke claimed the lake as the true source of the White Nile.
“It becomes this legend built on legend,” Thompsell says. “Everything comes together to drive this interest in the Nile.” While later famous expeditions to reach the South Pole were often true feats of discovery, people had been living all along the Nile for eons before Europeans arrived.
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