20 Years of Mars Express Images Helped Build This Mosaic of the Red Planet universetoday storybywill
Since it was commissioned in January 2004, the HRSC has imaged almost the entire planet at resolutions of 50 to 20 m per pixel. Normally, the mission would photograph Mars from an altitude of about 300 km when the spacecraft is closest in its orbit to the planet. However, for the mosaic, 90 individual images taken from altitudes of 4,000 to 10,000 km were used, covering an area roughly 2500 km in diameter and with a spatial resolution of 2 km per pixel.
Another impressive feature is the level of color captured in the images. Ordinarily, it is very difficult to take pictures of Mars that accurately capture its surface color because of the ever-changing transparency of its atmosphere. This is caused by the varying degrees of dust in the atmosphere, which causes light to be scattered and reflected, leading to color shifts between images.
This time, a new high-altitude observation campaign was used to construct a global color model, which the HRSC team used to color-reference each image in the mosaic. This allowed for long-range color variations and resulted in a picture of Mars with a level of color diversity never seen before. The color variations also reveal information about its composition, which includes the high amount of oxidized iron in its surface regolith.
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